分类:algorithm| 发布时间:2016-07-03 01:04:00
给定一个包含 n 个整数的数组 nums,判断 nums 中是否存在三个元素 a,b,c ,使得 a + b + c = 0 ? 找出所有满足条件且不重复的三元组。
注意: 答案中不可以包含重复的三元组。
例如, 给定数组 nums = [-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4],
满足要求的三元组集合为:
[
[-1, 0, 1],
[-1, -1, 2]
]
先将给出的数组排序。通过 O(n^3) 的算法找出所有匹配的结果, 注意处理重复元素的问题。
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> threeSum(vector<int>& nums) {
vector<vector<int>> ret;
const int size = nums.size();
if (size < 3) {
return ret;
}
sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
int expect;
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < size - 1; ++j) {
expect = -nums[i] - nums[j];
for (int k = j + 1; k < size; ++k) {
if (nums[k] == expect) {
ret.push_back({nums[i], nums[j], nums[k]});
while (k < size - 1 && nums[k] == nums[k + 1]) {
++k;
}
}
}
while (j < size - 1 && nums[j] == nums[j + 1]) {
++j;
}
}
while (i < size && nums[i] == nums[i + 1]) {
++i;
}
}
return ret;
}
};
上述算法的复杂度太高了,其实稍微修改下里面的两个循环就能简化成一个。
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int> > threeSum(vector<int> &num) {
vector<vector<int> > res;
sort(num.begin(), num.end());
for (int i = 0; i < num.size(); i++) {
int target = -num[i];
int front = i + 1;
int back = num.size() - 1;
while (front < back) {
int sum = num[front] + num[back];
// Finding answer which start from number num[i]
if (sum < target) {
front++;
} else if (sum > target) {
back--;
} else {
vector<int> triplet{num[i], num[front], num[back]};
res.push_back(triplet);
// Processing duplicates of Number 2
// Rolling the front pointer to the next different number forwards
while (front < back && num[front] == triplet[1]) front++;
// Processing duplicates of Number 3
// Rolling the back pointer to the next different number backwards
while (front < back && num[back] == triplet[2]) back--;
}
}
// Processing duplicates of Number 1
while (i + 1 < num.size() && num[i + 1] == num[i]) {
i++;
}
}
return res;
}
};